Two months later, in December 2013, Nadia had finally gained enough weight to be placed on the transplant list. On April 26, 2014 at 11 p.m., Dr. Scheel made the call the family had been waiting for. Eight minutes after midnight on April 28, Nadia got her new heart.
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Harnaaz said that the reaction she received after her weight gain was jarring. "It was kind of uncomfortable and really surprising for me to see how people started having their opinions, which should not really matter," she explained. "It's not about how you look, it's about who you are from inside and how you treat people and what you believe in."
Nadia dreamt of becoming a supermodel, but could not resist eating. She kept on eating and gaining weight. She then enlists in the Regular Army, despite her modelling manager's plea, to keep the weight down, and succeeds in doing so. However, she finds a true potential for being a soldier and transfers into the S.P.A.R.R.O.W.S to gain combat experience. The operation against the Amadeus Syndicate was her first combat assignment. When it all ended, she didn't want to leave her new exciting life, so she inscribed into the Regular Army's Secret Services to continue working as an agent.
Participants with a faster biorhythm typically weigh less each month and gain significantly less weight and mass over 14-months, relative to those with a slower biorhythm. The biorhythm relates to sex differences in weight gain.
Additional measures were incorporated into our study design so we could identify their effect on potential relationships between RP and weight gain. Adolescence typically commences in females (age 9 to 12 years) before males (age 11 to 14 years)1,2. Peak growth in height is greater for males but occurs sooner for females57. Because of these sex differences in the timing of adolescence, we expected females to gain more weight and height than males over the course of 14 months. If the biorhythm relates to adolescent weight/BMI gains, then there should be sex differences in these relationships.
Many factors influence body size during puberty. Body composition has a genetic component11,12,13,14 and can be influenced by dietary habits6, social environment, and variation in activity levels15,16 related to seasons5. A recent study reports the effect of a Covid-19 national lockdown on adolescent BMI57. We, therefore, recorded the timing of maturation stages for participants in our study, modelled from longitudinal measurements of height and lower-leg length, and variation in these parameters and weight gain related to ancestry, seasons of the year and a Covid-19 lockdown that occurred unexpectedly between the end of March 2020 until the beginning of June when New Zealand returned to Level 1 ( -19-Alert-Levels-summary-table.pdf).
Regression analyses revealed log-transformed RP was significantly related to the log-transformed weight and BMI (Fig. 3a, b and Supplementary Data 2) that participants gained over 14 months. A quadratic equation was the best fit for our data as the relationship between RP and weight/BMI was curvilinear. RP was still significantly related to weight gain over shorter intervals of 12 and 13 months, one longer interval of 15 months, and to adjusted maximum weight gains over 14 months (Table 2). After applying a conservative Bonferroni-corrected criterion to adjust for multiple testing, all but one p-value in Table 2 is still significant falling below 0.008 (0.05 divided by six tests). Examination of partial correlations revealed starting age had no influence on the relationship between RP and weight gained (Supplementary Table 2).
The summer vacation period coincided with a period of slight weight loss for those with RPs of 7 and 8 days (Fig. 4b, c). On average, those with a 7 and 8-day periodicity gained more weight in the Spring and Winter seasons compared to those with RPs of 6 days (Supplementary Table 3).
Understanding of the relationship between RP-biorhythm and body mass has focused mainly upon interspecific analyses of mammalian species. Although humans retain evidence of this rhythm in hard tissues, the relevance for childhood growth remains underdefined. In this study, we related the timing of the rhythm to mass and weight gained by a cohort of adolescents followed longitudinally. We observed participants with a faster RP-biorhythm (5 or 6-day periodicity) typically weighed less, gained the least weight, and had the smallest change in their BMI compared to those with a slower biorhythm (7 or 8-day periodicity). To our knowledge, our finding provides the first evidence that a long-period biorhythm relates to the rapid change in body size that occurs during puberty.
We sought an integrated view of the biorhythm by examining other related measures of growth. While RP was linked to height, as in studies of adult humans53,54,55, this link was weak in our data. Peak gains in weight typically follow peaks in height by 1 year5. Many individuals in this study had probably not reached peak weight velocity, but a substantial number of females probably had reached peak height velocity. These relationships might have blunted the influence of RP on height when males and females are considered together.
Excessive weight gain during adolescence can have consequences for adult health4,64,65,66. Excess weight gain during adolescence is more likely to lead to obesity in adulthood67. We observed children with higher RPs were six times more likely to be overweight (have a BMI greater than the 95th percentile) after 14 months compared to those with lower RPs. BMI is not a perfect measure of body composition as it can be influenced by body proportions. However, it is related to the percentage of body fat for Dunedin children3, and BMI is a useful indicator of the way adipose tissue can change during puberty68,69. Obesity occurs when energy intake consistently exceeds expenditure70, which is determined by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors6,13,15,16,71. It is unsurprising that a hypothalamic-mediated biorhythm is linked to this process. The hypothalamic central melanocortin system responds to hormonal signals from the digestive tract and adipose tissue by regulating food intake and energy expenditure, ultimately impacting body weight72. Abnormalities in the melanocortin system, or hormone imbalances, have been linked to early onset human obesity73,74. Detailed interrogation of how the RP-biorhythm relates to this system and to genes that are known to associate with obesity and thinness75,76 should be pursued in future studies.
The biorhythm is related to adolescent weight gain, but the nature of the growing tissue, whether adipose tissue, muscle mass or bone mineral content, has not been established. This is important because body composition during puberty can relate to adult disease77. If the type and rate of growth for different tissues correspond with the biorhythm, then new pathways in preventive medicine may be opened, and new approaches developed further to explore this long-period rhythm. Studies should also determine if those with histories of early life adversity exposure78 have fluctuations in RP-biorhythm between early (primary molars) and latter forming teeth (third molars or wisdom teeth) relating to periods of adversity.
Evidence of the biorhythm is captured in primary molars within 2 years of birth, as primary molar enamel forms. A faster biorhythm within 2 years of birth was related to smaller gains in weight and mass during early adolescence. A slower biorhythm is related to greater gains. Part of Fig. 6 (lower panels) was created using a template from BioRender.com (2022).
Given the strong association between weight gain and the biorhythm during puberty, it would seem likely that this association could be present during other periods of rapid human growth. Infants gain weight rapidly in the first 6 months after birth. The amount of weight gained during infancy influences the tempo of growth and onset of puberty79 and is a determinant of obesity in later life80,81,82,83. The presence of an interspecific association between RP and infant weight31 points to a biorhythm that might exert an influence on body size from birth. It remains unknown whether this is the case for humans.
To summarise, we calculated the timing of a biorhythm in primary molars and compared these values to the weight and mass gained by a cohort of adolescents over 14 months. Those with a faster biorhythm of 5 and 6 days gained the least weight and mass. Those with a slower 7 and 8-day biorhythm were more likely to have a BMI above the 95th percentile. These results provide the first evidence that a long-period biorhythm is associated with adolescent weight gain. Our study points towards a hypothalamic-mediated biorhythm that is active during a key period of human growth.
Weight problems tends to run in families. Some people have a genetic tendency to gain weight more easily than others. Although genes strongly influence body type and size, the environment also plays a role.
I started becoming bloated and gaining weight for no reason. I noticed I was getting tired alot. I made an appointment with my family doctor. She gave me an stomach x-ray and sent me right to the hospital for a CT scan. I still wasn't worried. I assumed it was just a precaution. After the results came back they transported me to the main Oakwood Hospital in Dearborn. After I arrived they started prepping me for surgery. I had never had any type of surgery before an became very upset.
Hello, In April 1996 I went in to have a full hysterecomy. I remembering waking up hearing the doctor talking to my family. I was awake enough to ask him questions and if i was ok. He told me my ovaries was fully covered with cancer.He then told me I had stage 3 ovarian cancer. I was so scared, I couldn't even speak. All I thought about was my 3 children. And how was i gonna be able to take care of them sick . I started chemo the next week. 3 months I was so sick and lost weight. Then i stopped taking them. I am here today folks because I know God has a purpose for me to be here. Its been 15 years. We serve an awesome God. Always go and be check yearly.God Bless 2ff7e9595c
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